What is the function of impressed current cathodic protection?

The function of impressed current cathodic protection is to electrically protect steel surfaces in an electrolyte. This method is used to prevent corrosion by providing a constant flow of electrical current that effectively mitigates the electrochemical reactions that cause corrosion on the metal surface.

In an electrolyte environment, such as seawater or soil, steel structures can become anodes in galvanic cells, leading to corrosion. Impressed current cathodic protection systems work by installing an anode and connecting it to a direct current power source, supplying electrons to the cathode (the steel structure), thus shifting its potential to a more negative value. This transition significantly reduces the likelihood of corrosion, as the steel becomes protected rather than acting as a site for corrosive activity.

Other options presented do not accurately describe the primary function of impressed current cathodic protection: shielding steel from moisture does not address the electrochemical processes involved; enhancing aesthetic value pertains more to coatings rather than corrosion protection; and improving adhesion of coatings relates to surface preparation, which is separate from cathodic protection mechanisms.